Advanced manufacturing technologies, including Additive Manufacturing and Powder Metallurgy, have emerged as important approaches for developing engineering components with complex geometries, tailored microstructures, efficient material utilization, and application-specific performance. These technologies are increasingly being employed for the processing of high-temperature materials, ceramics, composites, and other advanced engineering materials. The performance and reliability of components produced through these technologies depend strongly on their microstructure, phase composition, defect characteristics, surface condition, deformation behaviour, and mechanical properties. Comprehensive characterization and testing are therefore essential for understanding material behaviour, identifying processing–structure–property relationships, and evaluating component performance.